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Green Plum Boiled Wine -《易中天品三国(十三) 青梅煮酒》 Yi Zhongtian's Comment on The Romance of the Three Kingdoms

俗话说,“乱世英雄起四方”,在三国时代的乱世中,各路诸侯都自称英雄,然而,曹操却声称当时只有两个人可以称为英雄,一个是曹操本人,那么另一个被曹操看重的人会是谁呢?曹操为什么要说他是英雄?厦门大学易中天教授做客《百家讲坛》,为您精彩品三国之——青梅煮酒。

在三国时代众多的英雄人物中,刘备一直是一个谜。他刚出道的时候,一无所有,到处东奔西走,因为四处投靠他人,还背上了反复无常的骂名。然而他所到之处,却总是能受到别人的尊重和热情的款待,曹操甚至认为只有自己和刘备才是真正的英雄。而刘备当时没有自己的地盘,也没有自己的军队,是在曹操那里寄人篱下,那么曹操为什么还要说刘备是英雄?在真实的历史上,曹操说过这句话吗?历史上真正的刘备,他的所作所为,是否配得上英雄这个评价呢?厦门大学易中天教授座客《百家讲坛》,为您精彩品三国之“青梅煮酒”。

As the saying goes, “Heroes in troubled times rise from all directions.” In the troubled times of the Three Kingdoms era, various vassals claimed to be heroes. However, Cao Cao claimed that only two people could be called heroes at that time, one being Cao Cao himself. Who would the other be valued by Cao Cao? Why did Cao Cao say he was a hero? Professor Yi Zhongtian from Xiamen University is a guest at “The Hundred Lectures”, offering you a wonderful tasting of one of the Three Kingdoms – Qingmei Boiled Wine.
Among the many heroes of the Three Kingdoms era, Liu Bei has always been a mystery. When he first started out, he had nothing and ran around because he trusted others everywhere, and he also carried a notoriously capricious name on his back. However, wherever he went, he was always respected and warmly treated by others. Cao Cao even believed that only himself and Liu Bei were the true heroes. “Liu Bei did not have his own territory or army at that time, and was placed under the supervision of Cao Cao. Why did Cao Cao even say that Liu Bei was a hero?”? In real history, did Cao Cao say this? Is the true Liu Bei in history, and what he has done, worthy of the evaluation of a hero? Professor Yi Zhongtian from Xiamen University is a guest at “Hundred Lectures”, offering you a wonderful taste of the “Green Plum Boiled Wine” of the Three Kingdoms.

易中天:

在上一集我们讲到,曹操是非常会用人的,曹操会用人是因为他会识人,也就是因为他会看人,他看人可以达到入木三分的程度,所以对于不可一世的袁术、气焰嚣张的袁绍他都不放在眼里,惟独对刘备另眼相看,而且说了“今天下英雄,唯使君与操耳”这句话。这个故事后来被《三国演义》演绎成一段非常精彩的小说情节,这就是“青梅煮酒论英雄”,这个故事在《三国演义》里面大概是这样的——

Yi Zhongtian:
In the previous episode, we mentioned that Cao Cao is very skilled in employing people. Cao Cao uses people because he knows people, that is, because he can see people, and he can see people to the point of penetration. Therefore, he doesn’t pay attention to the arrogant Yuan Shu or the arrogant Yuan Shao, except for Liu Bei, who has a different opinion and said, “Today, the only way to be a hero is to use the emperor and Cao Er.”. This story was later interpreted by “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms” as a very exciting novel plot, which is “Green Plum Cooking Wine on Heroes”. This story is probably like this in “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms”——

汉献帝的丈人,车骑将军董承受献帝衣带中密诏,“当诛曹公”,也就是汉献帝在衣带里面藏了一份密诏给董承,要他把曹操干掉。那么董承就找了一些志同道合的人一起来搞这个宫廷政变,其中就找到了刘备,找到刘备以后,董承和刘备歃血会盟,就是弄一杯酒,然后把血搁进去,喝血酒,然后“立券书名”,写了一个叫做“义状”,大家都来签名,我们一定要保卫皇上、消灭曹贼,大家签名:车骑将军董承、左将军刘备。这个事儿干完了以后,刘备就跟董承说,这个事情是很机密的,我们要小心一点,不要引起曹贼的怀疑,于是刘备回到自己住的地方就开始种菜。

The father-in-law of Emperor Xian of Han, General Dong Chengcheng on horseback, issued a secret edict in the Emperor Xian’s clothing belt, saying, “You should punish the Duke of Cao.” That is, Emperor Xian of Han hid a secret edict in his clothing belt and gave it to Dong Chengcheng, asking him to kill Cao Cao. So Dong Cheng found some like-minded people to join in the palace coup, including Liu Bei. After finding Liu Bei, Dong Cheng and Liu Bei swore a blood alliance, which was to get a glass of wine, then put the blood in, drink the blood wine, and then “establish the title of the certificate,” and wrote a letter called “Affidavit.” Everyone came to sign it. We must defend the emperor and eliminate the Cao thieves. Everyone signed it: General Dong Cheng, the riding general, and General Liu Bei, the left general. After completing this task, Liu Bei told Dong Cheng that this matter is very confidential. We should be careful not to arouse the suspicion of the Cao thief, so Liu Bei returned to his place of residence and began planting vegetables.

*刘备在三国的乱世中一直是东奔西走,到处寻找出头的机会,他怎么会和曹操同在朝廷中共事,并且还要参与宫廷政变杀掉曹操呢?原来,刘备在镇压黄巾军起家后,受到当时一些诸侯的重视,徐州牧陶谦曾在危难时刻向刘备求救,后来陶谦在病故前将徐州交给了刘备,但刘备又被袁术、吕布攻打,刘备不能抵抗,于是被迫投奔曹操。

During the turbulent times of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei has been traveling from place to place, looking for opportunities to make his mark. How could he have worked with Cao Cao in the imperial court, and even participated in a palace coup to kill him? It turned out that Liu Bei received the attention of some vassals at that time after suppressing the Yellow Scarf Army and starting his family. The Mu Tao Qian of Xuzhou once asked Liu Bei for help at a critical moment. Later, Tao Qian handed Xuzhou over to Liu Bei before he died of illness. However, Liu Bei was again attacked by Yuan Shu and Lv Bu, and Liu Bei was unable to resist, so he was forced to surrender to Cao Cao.

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