在诸侯割据的三国时代,曹操为了征服天下屡屡带兵出征,讨伐四方。在这个过程中有一个神机妙算的人,在曹操春风得意的时候给了他沉重一击,后来又在关键时刻给了曹操关键性帮助。这个人不是诸葛亮,既没有羽扇纶巾,也没有锦囊妙计,那么,这个人是谁呢?《易中天品三国之鬼使神差》即将播出,敬请关注!
曹操迎奉天子迁都许县以后,拥有了最大的政治资本和人力资源,于是,他一手举起奉天子的旗帜,一手拔出征讨天下的刀子,试图以次号令诸侯荡平四海,一同行动。这当然并不容易,也不可能十分顺利。在这个艰苦卓绝的斗争中,曹操好几次差一点就全军覆没,死于非命。那么是什么原因使得他能够化险为夷,转败为胜呢?又是谁鬼使神差般地来到他的身边,给了他关键性地帮助呢?厦门大学易中天教授将为我们精彩品三国之——鬼使神差。
During the Three Kingdoms era, in order to conquer the world, Cao Cao repeatedly led troops to crusade against the four directions. During this process, a man with great ingenuity gave Cao Cao a heavy blow when he was in high spirits, and later gave him crucial help at a crucial moment. This person is not Zhuge Liang, who has neither a feather fan, a silk scarf, nor a brilliant plan. So, who is this person? “Yi Zhong Tian Pin: Ghosts and Spirits of the Three Kingdoms” will be broadcast soon, please pay attention!
After welcoming the emperor and moving his capital to Xuxian, Cao Cao possessed the greatest political capital and human resources. Therefore, he raised the banner of the emperor with one hand, and pulled out the knife to conquer the world with the other, attempting to command the vassals to wipe out the world and act together. This is certainly not easy, nor can it be very smooth. In this arduous struggle, Cao Cao nearly wiped out his entire army several times and died in an untimely death. So what is the reason why he was able to avert danger and turn defeat into victory? Who was it that came to him like a ghost and gave him crucial help? Professor Yi Zhongtian of Xiamen University will provide us with a wonderful tasting of the Three Kingdoms – Ghost Movements.
易中天:
在前面的讲座里面,我们讲到汉献帝建安元年,也就是公元196年,对于曹操来说是非常关键的一年,这一年他做了两件大事,一个是奉天子,第二个是屯田。第一件事情使他获得了政治上的优势,第二件事情使他获得了经济上的丰收。他现在有了一个在当时看来正义的旗帜,另外又有了丰足的粮草,他可以来实现他的政治理想。那么他顺利吗?
Yi Zhongtian:
In the previous lecture, we talked about the first year of Jian’an, the year 196 AD, of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, which was a crucial year for Cao Cao. In this year, he did two major things, one was to worship the Son of Heaven, and the other was to cultivate farmland. The first thing gave him a political advantage, and the second thing gave him an economic harvest. “He now had a banner of justice that seemed to him at the time, as well as abundant food and grass, and he could come to realize his political ideals.”. So how’s he doing?
事情一开始叫做出奇地顺利。汉献帝建安二年,也就是公元197年的正月,曹操南征张绣。因为在当时的情况下张绣算是实力比较弱的,吃柿子拣软的捏,先拿张绣开刀。结果怎么样?曹操的军队开到宛城的时候,张绣举手投降。这是一个意外的胜利啊,曹操刚刚奉天子以令不臣,或者说挟天子以令诸侯,就兵不血刃地拿下了宛城,征服了张绣,曹操就开始飘飘然了,就开始得意忘形了。他做了两件不该做的事情,第一件事情是强纳张绣的婶婶,也就是张绣的婶婶估计是很漂亮的。曹操这个人他是喜欢美女的,他每到一个地方他都要搂草打兔子,除了占领这个城池,或者政治上的胜利以外,顺手牵羊也弄几个女人回去。他一眼看去,张绣的婶婶这么漂亮,哈哈,笑纳,这让张绣觉得很没面子,很屈辱。另一件事情,他就是和张绣的贴身侍卫胡车儿套近乎,曹操除了喜欢美女以外他也喜欢人才是吧,一看胡车儿这是个人才,又送钱又送礼又请客又吃饭,这让张绣感到紧张,什么意思啊?是不是要谋杀我啊?于是张绣突然反叛,这个反叛是在曹操措手不及的时候发生的,结果打得曹操落花流水、丢盔卸甲。曹操的长子曹昂,这是曹操最中意的接班人,牺牲了,曹操最贴身的爱将典韦牺牲了,还搭上了一个侄子叫曹安民,曹操自己也差一点人头落地。
At first things were called surprisingly smooth. In the second year of Jian’an, Emperor Xiandi of the Han Dynasty, on the first month of AD 197, Cao Cao attacked Zhang Xiu in the south. Because under the circumstances at that time, Zhang Xiu was considered to be relatively weak. When eating persimmons to pick out the soft ones, Zhang Xiu was first used for surgery. What was the result? When Cao Cao’s army arrived at Wancheng, Zhang Xiu raised her hand and surrendered. “This was an unexpected victory. Just as Cao Cao was ordered by the Emperor to disobey his orders, or to coerce the Emperor to order the vassals, he took Wancheng and conquered Zhang Xiu without any bloodshed. Cao Cao began to float high and become complacent.”. He did two things he shouldn’t have done. The first thing was to strengthen Zhang Xiu’s aunt, who was probably very beautiful. “Cao Cao is a person who likes beautiful women. He always goes to places with his arms around the grass and beats rabbits. In addition to occupying this city or winning political victories, he also brings some women back with him.”. At first glance, he saw that Zhang Xiu’s aunt was so beautiful. Ha ha, smile, it made Zhang Xiu feel very shameless and humiliated. Another thing, he was getting close to Zhang Xiu’s bodyguard, Hu Che’er. Cao Cao liked talent in addition to beautiful women, didn’t he? At first glance, Hu Che’er was a talent who gave money, gifts, treats, and meals, which made Zhang Xiu nervous. What does that mean? Are you trying to murder me? So Zhang Xiu suddenly rebelled, and this rebellion occurred when Cao Cao was unprepared. As a result, Cao Cao was defeated and his armor was thrown away. Cao Cao’s eldest son, Cao Ang, was Cao Cao’s favorite successor. He sacrificed, and Cao Cao’s most beloved general, Dian Wei, also took on a nephew named Cao Anmin. Cao Cao himself almost fell to the ground.
所以这个人得意,不要忘形,得意的时候还是把尾巴夹起来好。曹操这个人是夹不住的,他一得意他就忘形,果然吃了亏了。那么策划这一次反叛的人叫做贾诩,贾诩是甘肃武威人,字文和,文章的文,和平的和,很好的字,可是这个人干的活儿可以称之为“乱武”,他是专门捣乱的。
*贾诩做了什么事情,会得到“乱武”的评价呢?公元189年,汉灵帝驾崩,西北军阀董卓入京,废立皇帝,震动朝野,并且滥杀无辜,株连无数。于是,司徒王允联合吕布在朝廷上刺杀了董卓,董卓旧部李傕、郭汜见主帅身亡,心灰意冷,准备解散队伍逃跑,在路上遇见贾诩。贾诩为他们出谋划策,结果却给国家带来了灾祸。
“So when this person is proud, don’t forget. When he is proud, it’s better to clip his tail up.”. “Cao Cao is a person who cannot be caught. As soon as he is satisfied, he forgets himself, and indeed he has suffered a loss.”. The person who planned this rebellion is called Jia Xu. Jia Xu is from Wuwei, Gansu Province. He has the characters “Wen He”, “Wen He”, “Wen He”, “Peace He”, and good characters. However, the work this person does can be called “Chaowu”, and he specializes in troublemaking.
What did Jia Xu do that would receive a “disorderly martial arts” evaluation? In 189 AD, Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty died, and Dong Zhuo, a warlord from the northwest, entered the capital. He abolished the emperor, shook the government and the public, and indiscriminately killed innocent people, implicated countless people. Therefore, Situ Wangyun and Lv Bu collaborated to assassinate Dong Zhuo in the imperial court. Dong Zhuo’s former subordinates, Li Ju and Guo Si, were disheartened when they saw the death of the commander in chief. They were ready to disband their troops and escape. On the way, they met Jia Xu. Jia Xu advised them, but in the end, he brought disaster to the country.